iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals Certification Practice Exam

What does tunneling in cybersecurity refer to?

1. Using a network to directly connect devices

2. A method of encrypting data for secure transmission

3. Employing protocols for unintended malicious purposes

4. A technique for enhancing network speed

The correct answer is: Employing protocols for unintended malicious purposes

Tunneling in cybersecurity specifically refers to the practice of encapsulating one type of network protocol within another, allowing secure transmission of data across a network. This is typically done by creating a "tunnel" through which data packets can pass securely and privately. The correct interpretation of tunneling involves both the secure encapsulation of data and its transmission, often over the internet, allowing for secure communication even over untrusted networks. Common examples of tunneling protocols include Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP), which prioritize confidentiality and integrity. The context of the other options can help clarify why they do not align with the definition of tunneling. For instance, directly connecting devices does not necessarily involve encapsulation and secure transmission like tunneling does. Encrypting data is an important aspect of security but does not solely define tunneling; encryption can occur independently of the tunneling process. Similarly, enhancing network speed does not relate to the concept of tunneling, which is primarily concerned with securing data and maintaining privacy rather than improving transmission speed.